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สำนวนภาษาอังกฤษ/ตัวอย่าง

ระเบียบวิธีวิจัย

Methods
Methodology

ใช้สถิติ Independent t-tests  เพื่อ

Independent t-tests were conducted to determine if there were significant differences between participants above the medial daily measure return rate (≥  23 measures, n=46) and those below (<23 measures, n=47).

ใช้ 2 x 3 ANOVA test

A 2 x 3 ANOVA test was performed.

ประชากร
กลุ่มตัวอย่าง

Population
Sample group
Subjects
A sample of 249 participants ….
These participants were a highly homogeneous group: all participants were native French speakers ….

ผู้ให้ข้อมูล

informants

เครื่องมือวิจัย

Research instruments

เครื่องมือพัฒนาโดยผู้วิจัย

… developed by the researcher.

แบบสอบถามเก็บข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับ...

The questionnaire elicited …

การอธิบายเกณฑ์ลิเคิร์ท

Likert-scale response items with nine scales were adapted from Robinson (2001a)  particularly to assess the following for each task:  overall perceptions of task difficulty, ratings of stress, perceived ability to complete the task, interest in task content, and motivation to complete these and other tasks.

การเก็บข้อมูล

The primary data for this study consisted of the transcripts of formal and informal interviews and the secondary data were observational notes and transcripts of audio-recorded small group discussions.

การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล

We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the relative contributions of our independent variables to children’s physical health.

การวิเคราะห์สถิติ  

Daily field trials observations data from each replication were sum for the cumulative yield of each harvesting. Asparagus yield were average from 4 replications by treatment of fertilizer application and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.  Multiple range test of means was done on significant ANOVA tests with Turkey HSD (p<0.05) using statistical software (SPSS 15.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Pair comparison was applied to test the significant different in nutritional composition or organic versus conventional asparagus produces.

บอกค่า

A  p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

แสดงว่า ...

Concerning preferences, the t-test shows that subjects expressed a significant preference for NESTs over non NESTs (t = 7.636; p < 0.001).

การแปลผล
ค่าเฉลี่ยของ ... แสดงให้เห็นว่า

The means from questions 2-4 of the questionnaire (the three measures of preference) suggest that the subject exhibit a slight explicit preference for NESTs over non-NESTs.

ผลคือ.... แสดงว่า สมมติฐานที่ว่า ...

The results were: p = 0.304, p<0.05.  Therefore, the null hypothesis that there is no interaction between the type of correction and the type of structure was rejected, indicating that the effect of the type of correction on the scores for the early and late developmental structures was significant.

ไม่แสดงนัยสำคัญ

For the IAT, the small difference in average response times between the block associating positive adjectives with NESTs and the block associating positive adjectives with non-NESTs was not significant (t = 1.113).

แปลผล ...

Generally, since most of the correlations are not significant, it appears that experience of learning with NESTs has little effect on attitudes.

สถิติ … แสดงให้เห็นว่า ...

Cronbach alpha tests, based on scores on subtests for each test, revealed generally strong internal coherence on the L2 proficiency test (r =.87) and the PM test (r =.86).4

An exploratory principal component factor analysis revealed three distinct factors  L2 proficiency, aptitude, and PM) accounting for 74.1% of the total variance.

แสดงนัย

The findings suggest that children who were reported to live in poor-housing (odds ratio [OR]=0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.20, 0.91; p<.05) and children who were reported to experience frequent food hardship (OR=0.17; 95%CI=0.06, 0.47; p<.05) were less likely to be in excellent health than were children living in better conditions.

ผลกระทบ

Generally, neither explicit nor implicit attitudes are affected by whether subjects had had previous learning experiences with NESTs, and explicit attitudes are not related to implicit attitudes.

การเขียนเกี่ยวกับค่าสหสัมพันธ์ (Correlation)

First, the lack of negative >correlation between preference for NESTs and preference for non-NESTs suggests that subjects may be interpreting the questions as asking about likes, rather than preferences.


The amount of …was positively correlated with…
Pearson product moment correlational analyses revealed that PM and L2 proficiency were significantly, although modestly, related (r =.35,  p <.01), as were aptitude test scores and L2 proficiency (r =.25, p <.05; see Table 2 for all correlation results).

อธิบายพร้อมแปลความหมาย

In order to find out whether there is a significant difference between their means, a parametric test; namely, paired-sample t-test was carried out.  It was significant (t = 2.77, df = 30, p =0.010, p <0.05).  This indicates that the scores pertaining to the explicit corrections are significantly higher than the scores pertaining to the implicit corrections.

เปรียบเทียบ

The 69.4% adherence rate to 24 months of exercises was higher than the 55% reported by Stengel et al. (2007), and ST exercises did cause meaningful changes in muscle strength and balance.  Higher adherence rates in this study might have been caused by the use of theory-based facilitative strategies to promote adherence.

Reliability

Interrater reliability was estimated by calculating the correlation of the two raters’ scores.  Correlation coefficients for the discourse completion and role-play tests were .995 and .994 respectively, which were statistically significant ( P < .001).  With regard to internal consistency, the Cronbach Alpha reliability estimates for the ranged from .853 for the listening comprehension test5 to .926 for the role -play test with .893 for the acceptability judgement test and .917 for the discourse completion test.

กล่าวโดยสรุป

To summarize the findings, …