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             4.2.2 Results from principal components factor analysis
‘Principal components factor analysis’ of 31 strategy items (see section 3.3.1.1.4, page 152) was performed to find out if there were any underlying factors (clusters of strategies) which indicated an overall pattern of strategy use of distance language learners (see Appendix 4.2 for statistics results).  The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy yielded the result of .899 which indicates that this set of data is appropriate for conducting this analysis (Sharma, 1996).  Varimax rotation was performed to distinguish distinct construct.  Seven factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 were extracted, accounting for 55.692% of the total variance (see Table 4.1).  These eigenvalues and the visual inspection of the scree plot, suggest that all 7 factors should be retained for best interpretability.  Table 4.1 gives the suggested labels, eigenvalues, percent of variance (from rotation sums of squared loadings), and cumulative percent of variance.

 Table 4.1: A summary of factors, eigenvalues, percentage of variance, and cumulative percentage of variance.

These 7 meaningful factors explain LLS use of distance language learners and are reported in Tables 4.2 through 4.8.  Each table presents factor labels, factor loadings (only two decimals are shown), descriptions of strategy, mean scores of each individual strategy item and standard deviations.  The bold segments in each strategy item represent its underlying concept.  The numbers are the items in the questionnaire with abbreviations C, M, and S for cognitive, metacognitive, and socio-affective strategy items respectively.